Epistemology: Journal of Islamic Studies

Author(s):

1.Zunaira Moeez 2.Dr Muhammad Farooq Haider

Abstract:

The Science of the Qur’ānic Readings is an important discussion of the Qur’ānic Sciences. There are many words in the Qur’ān which have more than one reading. Qirā’āt are primarily divided into two types: Qirā’āt al-Mutawātirah and Qirā’āt al-Shādhah. Qirā’at al-Mutawātirah has three conditions: It should have a chain of coherent narrators till the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وسلم), it should be in accordance to the rules of Arabic languageand also should be according to the ‘Uthmānī Script of the Qur’ān. If any Qirā’at does not fulfil any of the three conditions, it is Qirā’at al-Shādhah. Besides the scholars of the Qur’ānic Readings, the exegetes too discussed the subject of the Qur’ānic Readings in their exegeses.Moreover, they inferred frequently from them for the interpretation of the Qur’ānic words and deduced conclusions. Al-Jāmi’ li-Aḥkām al-Qur’ān is one of those exegeses in which inference from the Qur’ānic Readings has been done very frequently and the impact on the variance in the meanings of the words has also been elucidated remarkably. With the aim of creating an ease in apprehension, the distinction between the both forms of Qirā’āt will be mentioned in this article with elaboration of difference in their meanings.

Keyword(s):

ImāmQurṭubī, Qur’ānic Readings, Recurrent Reading (Qirā’āt al-Mutawātirah), Rare Reading (Qirā’āt al-Shādhah).

Author(s):

Prof Dr Israr Ahmad Khan

Abstract:

Since November 2019. the entire world is under the unexpectedly severe jolt caused by a pandemic identified as COVID-19. The governments, organizations, societies, international bodies, and individuals are all staring into the space, realizing their helplessness and total failure to find out solution to it. Efforts have already begun to study and investigate the exact nature and cause of the symptom. Around a hundred laboratories around the world are working day in day out to develop effective vaccine to control the spread of the Corona impact. Experts appear almost disappointed over the havoc wrought by the killer bug. They do not see any respite at least for the next 2-5 years. Even if the current Coronavirus comes under control, what about other unseen viruses that might be awaiting their chance to hit the humans in near and far future? This precarious and extraordinarily painful situation calls for deliberation over the problem in a comprehensive manner. The humanity needs protection from all directions, and not just only from one Coronavirus. This study is to identify the ways to control the panic caused by the pandemic. The study is based on the Islamic sources, the Qur’an, and the traditions of the Prophet (s.a.w.). The methodology applied in this study is critical analysis and the conclusion reached at is that application of Islamic principles by individuals and societies the world over will surely yield fruits.

Keyword(s):

COCID-19, Reflection, the Qur’an, the Prophetic Traditions, Protection of Humanity

Author(s):

1.Dr Sadia Gulzar 2.Dr Muhammad Afzal

Abstract:

Development of Halāl food sector has great importance for the economy of Pakistan. Global Muslim population constitutes 24% of total world population. Nonetheless, more than 80% of global halal trade is controlled by non-Muslim countries. Halal food industry is developing due to the increasing demand from Muslim and non- Muslim inhabitants and quality of its products. It is estimated that global Halal food and lifestyle market will reach US$ 3.7 trillion by 2019. Pakistani share in the total global halal food market is just $28 million. This share is only 0.25% of the total global halal product trade which is even lesser than that of India. Pakistan is second most populous Muslim country, after Indonesia. It has great potential to increase its share in global halal trade’s industry because its animal and fishes have great meat taste, standards of Sharia compliance and leading Islamic banking industry. Pakistan can improve its halal food trade by encouraging private sector as well as providing them monetary and fiscal incentives. It could create a link between halal industry and Islamic finance. Pakistan can also enhance halal food partnership with Malaysia and China. The purpose of this research paper is to focus the importance of Halal food industry for the economy of Pakistan. To highlight that Pakistan has potential to play a global leading role in the development of Halal food industry. This research paper followed descriptive and analytical approach.

Keyword(s):

Pakistan, Economy, Halal Food industry, Development, Global.

Author(s):

1.Dr. Shaiza Kiyani 2. Sohaib Ahmed Hashmi 3. Yasir Munir

Abstract:

This research work is intended to trace and evaluate the significant and noteworthy Fatāwā on Human Cloning issued by the distinguished institutions in the world. The Muslim jurists and scientists have been striving to understand the scientific and biological nature of human cloning in order to better evaluate it from the jurisprudential point of view. Fatāwā of the Muslim institutions on human cloning offer valuable wisdom and reasoning for the followers and guide them in this regards. To conduct this research work the prominent Fatāwā issued by the imminent institutions all over the world have been gathered first, then a critical appraisal is made in order to make them understandable for the followers and highlight the loopholes for the future researches and Fatāwā. It has been observed that despite a good research on the biomedical nature of human cloning most of the Fatāwā fail to differentiate between the reproductive and therapeutic forms of cloning, which are considered to be the most important kinds of human cloning. The reproductive cloning is declared prohibited by majority of the Sunnī theology based institutions whereas the Shī‘ah and Sunnī schools also come with a lot of difference of opinion from jurisprudential and logical perspectives of the issue.

Keyword(s):

Human Cloning, Fatāwā, Therapeutic Cloning, Reproductive Cloning, Shī‘ah, Sunnī

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Usman Arshad 2. Syed Muhammad Shuja 3.Fahad Najeeb Khan

Abstract:

The aim of study is to explore customer perception towards domestic Islamic banks under the scope of Pakistan. Following the scope of study, we have collected a data from 400 individuals but sample of study limited up to data from 390 respondents because we had to eliminate the data of 10 respondents due to missing and the same pattern in data. Multiple regression and factor analysis technique have been adopted to examine the overall customer satisfaction through Corporal efficiency, Compliance with Islamic Law, Convenience, availability of efficient Core-Banking facility, perceived Confidence and Cost-Benefit analysis. Islamic banks in Pakistan have to uninterruptedly monitor the issues related to customer satisfaction to make an attraction for customers in Shari`ah based products..

Keyword(s):

Customers Perception, Corporal Efficiency, Core Banking, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Islamic Banking

Author(s):

1.Dr. Abu Sufian Qazi Furqan Ahmad 2. Dr. Naseem Akhter

Abstract:

Women are facing many critical issues related to honor, respect, due status, and dignity in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to discuss the status of women before and after the advent of Islām from the Islamic perspective and the views of students of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar and Women University Swabi. Quantitative and qualitative method is used in preparing this article. One hundred and ninety-seven questionnaires have been distributed in two universities “S.B.B.W. University Peshawar and Women University Swabi” among the different age groups of students to know their views regarding the said theme. The opinions of students have been displayed through cross tabulation in this research paper. The majorities of students showed their views for strongly agree and agree, whereas few students gave their opinions for undecided, disagree and strongly disagree regarding the questionnaires. This research work will be useful for researchers and readers concerning its theme and field work and researchers would be gotten a lot of information by this research work.

Keyword(s):

Islām, Woman, Rights, Dawn of Islām, Women Status before and after Islām

Author(s):

1.Abdul Khaliq 2. Dr. Sajila Kousar

Abstract:

Throughout this article, it has been endeavored to determine the mind of child education within the slight-weight of spiritual writing and Islamic teachings. The political, monetary and social consequences of financial process are numerous, but they surely are indicative of our efforts human beings to outline and apprehend our vicinity at periods the globe. As regions and cultures inherit touch with each other, it is usually hard for human beings to acknowledge parallel thoughts, values, and establishments in numerous societies. Its masses of easier to renowned variations accomplice degreed to assume that they constitute an unbridgeable distance from what is familiar with. However dispositions towards worldwide relation, seemingly inexorable versions nonetheless are underlined among areas and corporations via the use of signifiers that create distance. "Islamic" may be a time period that has been used joined such phrase. Particularly, the word has generally served as accomplice diploma adjective in normal speech that smartly walls off acquainted with phrases from normalcy and transforms them into out of gain, alien thoughts. Rewards to God Who complex for international the right tactics in which of child schooling inside the Qur’an. He as well legislated the ideas of goodness, morality, and steerage in the foundations of Islam. Peace and blessings of God be upon our Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم;, whom God dispatched to humanity and discovered to him law that achieves glory and honor, recognition, and stability. And may peace moreover be upon his ménage, practical and natural partners Who bestowed incredible examples in instructing youngsters and mounted nations, associate degreed peace are upon those who comply with their techniques in which till the globe involves an end

Keyword(s):

schooling, child, Islam, Society.

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Muavia Khan 2.Dr. Muhammad Imran 3. Dr. Hafiz Ahmad Ali

Abstract:

In this article, the procedure of counseling system in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Shariah are analyzed briefly. What is counseling, its literal and conotential meanings are discussed in detail. Basically, the fact of the Shura (consultation) is to investigate the opinion of an expert in order to get closer to the truth in any problem. The main purpose of Shura is to create the harmony among the people, society and stakeholders. Moreover, this article relies on the theme that fashionable Muslim polity ought to be grounded within the Quranic principle of “Shura” (consultation) that outlines a representative style of government. It discloses that though form of government of Islam finds its chief supply of legislation within the Laws of God as unconcealed to the Prophet Muhammad however fashionable ideas of political system, of governance and techniques of administration of justice don't seem to be against or one thing strange for Muslim system rather Qur᾿ᾱn and hadith contain most fashionable ideas of governance and administration which are thought-about as prime issues of the modern political systems of the globe

Keyword(s):

Shura” (consultation) , Islam, Quran, Sunnah, West, Civilized, world

Author(s):

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Mumtaz Ali

Abstract:

There is an assumption in the discourse on research methodologies of social sciences and religious studies that the quantitative and qualitative research methodologies are neutral and universally acceptable as valid methods of research. Hence, they are studied extensively and applied in both pure and applied research programs without reservation especially in social sciences and religious studies. This paper examines criticallythe epistemological foundation of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to ascertain the validity of this assumption. For this, the paper explores the epistemological foundation of quantitative and qualitative research methods. It is followed by an examination of the epistemological foundation of research methodologies of modern research. Finally, the paper assesses how for the application of these methodologies irrelevant to Islamic tradition especially to Islamic research.

Keyword(s):

Science, Method, Methodology, Research, Quantitative, Qualitative

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Naeem Khan 2.Dr. Muhammad Ahmad 3. Dr. Shakeel Iqbal Awan

Abstract:

Emerging markets have received much attention from researchers recently, as these markets are going to be the next big consumer market and understanding consumer behavior is key to competitive advantage. Consumer behavior is shaped by factors such as culture, experience, personality, and religion. Despite realizing potential, religion has not been given due importance and the scarcity of empirical studies is evident in religious marketing. Religions are often represented by means of commonly used and accepted symbols, though these symbols are complex and sometimes create an issue of sacredness and appropriateness to be used. To understand the role of religious symbols, first it is important to identify the symbols which are considered religious by the consumers.This study is an attempt to identify symbols that are considered Islamic when shown in Video commercials and the value that consumers associated with these symbols. A mix method approach is taken for this study, first in-depth interviews and informal discussion were conducted with academic and industry professionals. Then, an elicitation survey was conducted to understand perception of students studying in universities situated in federal capital and provincial capitals of Pakistan. Experts provided more valueoriented responses with non-exaggerative, truth based and honest advertisement as the core of Islamic symbols. Responses from elicitation survey are presented as per frequency of occurrence and top ten symbols that are considered Islamic when shown in video commercial are identified. These symbols provide an opportunity for firms to understand which symbols have a more symbolic association with Islamic values and using these symbols may positively influence Muslim consumers’ attitude and purchase behavior

Keyword(s):

Islamic Symbols, Video Commercials, Muslim Consumers

Author(s):

Ms. Salma Razzaq

Abstract:

In the globalized world of today, the Western media and intelligentsia is questioning compatibility of Islam with the modern times and terming it retrogressive thus injecting ideas, negatively impacting our minds and the thought process, thus threatening the social moorings of our society. Pakistani women in particular are vulnerable to the theme of living in oppressive and abusive society. The onslaught of the alien or external thoughts on the Muslim Women warranted the need for building their capacity to withstand the negativity of the external thoughts and adopt the positive ideas in keeping with their faith, values and social responsibilities to play the pivotal role in family and society in a more effective manner. Hence, this paper endeavors to look for the challenges to the thought of Muslim women and suggests measures for capacity building in the light of Iqbal’s philosophy and Seerah to enable them effectively play their role in the contemporary socioeconomic environment.

Keyword(s):

Social role of women, capacity building, Iqbal for women, western thoughts, Seerah, women empowerment.

Author(s):

Kalsoom Razzaq

Abstract:

Quran Majeed, the miraculous and unquestionable book of Allah (SWT), carries entirely the wordings and their subsequent meaningsfrom Allah through revelation. It is impossible to encompass the true approach and depth of its content. The scholars of Mohammadancommunity,delved into this area of knowledge according to their expertise and inclination. Consequently, an astonishing and valuable account of Quranic sciences and disciplines came into existence. Men following Hadith amassed the Prophetic interpretations of Quran. Men of dissertations furthered the work of elucidation and explanation of the Quran through the sayings of the companions (RA) of the Prophet(PBUH) and their followers. Men of independent reasoning presented the solutions to the problems of life using the faculty of critical thinking. Linguists and etymologists highlighted the brilliance of the language and its usage in Quran. Men of prose bearing in mind the Quranic methodology of reasoning, refuted falsehood on intellectual grounds.Men of piety and purity, titled as Mystics, attempted to disclose the meaning of Quran as per their taste and experiences. The form of knowledge taken into account for describing Quran’s interpretation by mystics is called as mystical interpretation of Quran. Mystics is a peculiar genre in the realm of contemplating and pondering Quran in the Sub-continent, wherein they derive the hidden or spiritual meaning availing their mystical experiences, interpretations and standard procedures while keeping the apparent or literal meaning undisturbed. In what ways the following of this mystical practice of contemplating and pondering Epistemology: Vol.7, Issue 8 Dec 2020 OPEN ACCESS: “EPISTEMOLOGY” eISSN: 2663-5828;pISSN: 2519-6480 www.epistemology.pk علمیات-دسمبر 2020 ء ر ر) برصغیر کے تفسیری ادب کے تناظر میں( رآن کے متصوفانہ شواہد و نظاب تد ب رق ر 2 Quran impacted the commentaries of Quran in the sub-continent, is being discussed in this article with examples and due analysis from the exegesis literature.

Keyword(s):

Quran, Contemplation, Mystical Interpretation, Sub-continent, exegesis

Author(s):

1.Dr. Shahzada Imran Ayub 2. Dr. Shamsul Arfeen

Abstract:

Sheikh Albani is known as one of the great muhaddith of the twentieth century.For almost sixty years, he has been engaged in the research of hadithand compiled nearly two hundred books, of which the "Silsila Ahadith e Sahihah" has a special status.In this book, the author has done a great job of scrutinizing thousands of ahadith selected from a number of uncommon booksand have collected only the authenticahadith in it. In this regard, he did not discuss the research of hadith only buthe also mentioned many other benefits. Along with the Takhreej ofunknown ahadith, explanation of difficult words, description of syntactic rules, different forms of word payment, narrative of different words, many principles and rules of uloom al hadith, statement of valuable academic tips, many life manners and the statement of jurisprudence issues and rulings derived from the ahadith is also included in the book's distinguishing features.Thus the bookis not merely a practical model of the compilation of hadith but also It has become a masterpiece in the field of knowledge and research. This will benefit the scholars as well as the public and the students for a long time..

Keyword(s):

Ahadith, Sahih, Albany, Research, Sanad, Matan, Weak, Manners, Jurisprudential issues, Syntactic rules, Narrators

Author(s):

Abstract:

The discipline of Hadith Sciences is of the richest and exclusive discipline of knowledge as its branches extend to hundred. The religious scholars have written thousands monographs concerning Hadith interpretations and explanations. Many voluminous works appeared and exist and each of them is a commendable contribution to Hadith explanations. One of the significant works on Hadith explanations is “TakmilaFath-al-Mulhim” that is the result of scholastic efforts of many years by Mufti Muhammad TaqiUsmani. This explanation of Hadith Book Muslim was originated and finished till the “Section of Marriage” but he could not extend to it to the last chapter due to his political engagements and later his demise closed the chapter. Mutfi Muhammad TaqiUsmani completed the remaining work in eighteen years and nine months. He is one of the leading Deoband Hanafi Islamic scholars living today from Pakistan. He is regarded as an expert in the fields of Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), Economics and Tasawwuf. This explanation may rightly be called a library in its own because of its gigantic material on Hadith, Fiqh as well as current issues. In this way this explanation is a source of great help both of students and teachers of Hadith. The article reveals that there is methodological symmetry in elaboration and interpretation of each Hadith. In “TakmilaFath-al-Mulhim” the author has presented his novel investigations regarding meanings of words of phonetic narrations according to need, juristic differences of ancient scholars and their arguments, correct names of narrators and foremost pitfalls in this connection, clarification of ambiguities in texts of different narrations, exclusive traditions narrated by Muslim and many other scholastic discussions. The article has been written in analytical and critical mode.

Keyword(s):

Takmila, Sharah, Sahih, Muslim, Pattern & Style

Author(s):

1.Dr. Mahmood Ahmad 2. Dr. Muhammad Munir Azhar

Abstract:

Towards the end of the 20th century the study of ḥadīth has made considerable progress and received increasing attention in both Muslim and Western worlds.The role of ḥadīth has grasped the attention of orientalists who sought to identify the origins of Islām and its legal and religious institutions. The question of authenticity and authority was at the heart of their investigations. Until the end of the first half of the 20th century,two major leading scholars; namely Goldziher and Schacht, were the only prominent figures who subjected the Traditions to historical criticism which were very much inspired by the development in criticaltextual studies and source-criticism methods witnessed. Later on many other prominent orientalists followed them. But there are many points where their point of view is contradict to other researchers and even some times to their own theories. This article is a research based subject which describes various contradictions of western ḥadīth scholars regarding the criticism of the chain of ḥadīth/Sanad

Keyword(s):

ḥadīth, Sanad, orientalists, priniciples of ḥadīth, contradiction, family Isnād theory, common link theory

Author(s):

Dr. Shaista Jabeen

Abstract:

The Holy Prophet PBUH being the last messenger of Allah Almighty has bestowed with many distinctive attributes. These characteristics are described and proved by the Holy Quran and ahadith under several topics. The Holy Prophet PBUH has many distinctions about family life. The article deal with these attributes with the help of urdu books of seerah written about the Distinctive characteristics of the Holy Prophet PBUH. Sufficient examples have been produced to authenticate the derived attributes

Keyword(s):

Family, Traits, Holy Prophet, Authority, Exception

Author(s):

1۔Abdul Wahid 2۔ Farhadullah

Abstract:

One of the burning problem of the contemporary Muslim world isexcommunication “Takfīr” or the act of declaring someone as an infidel ordisbeliever (kafir). Studies show that accusing others of disbelief or Takfīr is one of the prime factors of discord and dissension among Muslims. As a matter of fact, the phenomenon of Takfīr is not a new occurrence in the religious history, but, it has a long history in Semitic religions. It has been observed that some people exaggerate in declaring others as infidels while others do the vice versa through showing extra ordinary lenience. But both of these schools of thought tend to overthrow the prime concept of interpretation or Tawīland thus it leads to extremism and radicalization in the society; at large. This paper provides comprehensive theological views on interpretation/Tawīl in both the classical and medieval Islamic thought, explores the Islamic context of the concept, and considers the following questions: In what context does the term appear in the Islamic Jurisprudence and IlmulKalam? Present study considers the widely discussed topic in the Muslim world. It has caused disruption, disunity, and weakness within the MuslimUmmah.The researcher has made it the topic of his research as a humble contribution to seek the solution of the problems in the light of “interpretation”.Present situation of Muslim Ummah requires a focused study with an accurate plan and a perfect strategy enabling the researchers to get out of the any crisis or bad condition to save the unity of Muslim Ummah.

Keyword(s):

interpretation, infidelity, extremism, radicalization, Tawīl,Islamic Jurisprudence

Author(s):

1۔Dr. Syeda Sadia 2۔Aneeqa Ali

Abstract:

Allah Almighty is the Lord of the world, He creates whatever He wills.He alone is fully cognizant of its wisdom.One of Allah's creations is a that is neither entirely male nor female.These masses are called transgender.As human beings, such people also deserve respect for humankind, but always they faced discrimination.O'er the past two decades, due to the psychological & social problems, unemployment, and the proliferation of evil have led many young people to become Transgender.In such state of affairs, it would be necessary to create consciousness among the masses about the Shariah rights of the real Transgender by making them aware of their troubles.The tendency to become artificially Transgender will also be greatly shortened. ۔ In this article, the social problems of the Transgender will be explained in the elucidation of the survey and analysed in the light of Shariah.

Keyword(s):

Creator, Discrimination, Humanity, Problems, Psychological, Social, Transgender

Author(s):

Dr. Muhammad Irfan

Abstract:

The conclusiveness and inevitability of Prophet Hood of Muhammad as a last, has been remained for the last fourteen hundred years and more foundation stone of the Muslims faith. Many people have presented themselves as envoys of God, but the veracity of their claim has always been rejected and overruled by the main stream of Muslims due to acceptance of general interpretation of Islam. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad headed and presented a religion as a new version of Islam from deviating the mainstream conception and interpretation of Islam. From the emergence of his religion Islamic scholars are continuously countering his prophet hood claim. Before the self-claim of prophet hood Mirza announced himself as Mujadad, Mohadas, Molham Min- Allah, Muslah, Masee Maood , Zile- Nabi , Barozi Nabi only in order to attract the Simple Muslim folks ,towards him. He visited many regions of Subcontinent for disseminating his message. He managed many debates and discussions with Muslims scholars. Mirza claimed his self-styled prophet hood in the very beginning of Twentieth century. The purpose of this article is to reveal the strategies of Muslim scholars of subcontinent without sectarian discrimination, how they revealed the true nature of Islam and defended the true faith of masses in the wake of Qadyani religion

Keyword(s):

Qadayaniat issues, Preaching Policy

Author(s):

1.Navid Iqbal 2. Dr. Abdul Quddoos

Abstract:

Turkey is among one of the lucky countries where women as well as men have equal rights to pursue Islamic Studies. The pursuit of religious education for women in Turkey is possible in two conditions.One is the official and informal organizations, as well as mixed and non-mixed Imam Al Khatib Schools and Colleges (where along with contemporary curriculum, recitation, Tajweed, Tafsir, Hadith, Sira, Islam, etc. are also found in abundance), and after that universities where PhD can be pursued in different religious studies.Along with that, Quranic educational centers have been established for women by government, where Nazira Quran, memorization of the Quran and fundamental theological teachings are given to students. In this study, we will collect statistics such as Turkey’s government institutions for girl’s education, the last few years of comparative figures, female teacher’s statistics, their teaching and authorized services and women's M.Phil and PhD levels thesis statistics from authentic sources. Prospects for the religious institute of the graduate of educational institution and publicly broadcast religion foundation will be brought to debate.

Keyword(s):

Turkey, Analysis, Women Religious Education, Social Character

Author(s):

1.Zulabia Iqbal 2. Dr. Mohsina Munir

Abstract:

United nations youth development Policies are a unique and important issue of current time. It directly depends upon the youth of any country. The future development and growth and success of society is mainly depends upon the quality and analytical abilities of youth. Therefore, development of awareness among youth regarding their values is extremely significant and sensitive as well. Islam gives high emphasize on development and growth of Youth. Islam Consider of youth as a golden time period of an individual life. Islam gives complete information and guidance to youngsters of society about how they can spend this golden era of their life. Islam Provides details for primary and secondary activities of youngsters in details. By keeping in view the growth and condition of the youngsters various international bodies have made several youth development programs. Such programs directly improves the educations, expertise, vision and skills of youngsters .For this purpose youth development conferences are arranged. The main agenda of such conferences is to explain the youngsters about how they can improve their health, education , political and employment involvement in the society in which they are living. By analyzing the role of youth development policies under Islamic teaching helps to identify which are those fields about which youngsters must grab quality information or knowledge.By name of Modernism western countries teaching harmful concepts to youngsters who adversely affect the youth of Muslim countries as well as non-Muslim countries. This research will help to identify the importance of youth development policies in Pakistan. Such youth development and empowerment policies will directly help to build a more secure healthy and developed society

Keyword(s):

Youth, Development, policy, Golden era, Islam, Conferences, Empowerment, Youngsters, Muslim, Modernism

Author(s):

1.Ramla Khan 2. Dr. Hafiz Abdul Basit Khan

Abstract:

Tafsīr or interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān has always been a central task for Muslim exegetes. Muslim scholars of the Qur’ānic sciences interpret the verses of the Holy Qur’ān through valuable sciences. There are two basic ways of Qur’ānic interpretation; some scholars have explained the Holy Qur’ān through the sayings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the narration of His companions along with the interpretation of Mufassirīn from the era of Tābi‘īn and Tab‘i Tābi‘īn. On the other hand some scholars have explained the Holy Qur’ān with the help of ‘ILM AL ‘ITIBĀR on the basis on Indication. Although, the examples of such indications can be found also in the era of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The point of view of Muslim scholars regarding this type of Tafsir is different; some allow it and some other does not. The canvas of ‘ILM AL ‘ITIBĀR is bigger than Tafsīr Al Ishārī. in this article the meaning, nature and different aspects of ‘ILM AL ‘ITIBĀR is discussed in detail.

Keyword(s):

Interpretation of Quran by indication, ‘ILM AL ‘ITIBĀR, Ashraf Alī Thanawī, Interpretation of Quran with exemplification

Author(s):

1۔Muhammad Habibullah 2۔Dr. Muhammad Samiullah 3۔Prof. Dr. Muhammad Amin

Abstract:

The Islamic Civilization is today and was in the past an amalgam of a wide variety of cultures, made up of polities and countries from North Africa to the western periphery of the Pacific Ocean, and from Central Asia to sub-Saharan Africa. Orientalists’ motives while studying Islamic civilization are occasionally negative and they try to keep these motives secret. Their main purpose is not only to conduct a research study of Islam and its teachings, but also to obscure these teachings with doubts, to mislead Muslims and to prevent non-Muslims from accepting Islam by presenting a negative image of Islam to them. This article is an analytical review of orientalistic motives and aims which back their study of Islamic civilization specifically.

Keyword(s):

Orientalism, Islamic Civilization, History of Islam.