Epistemology: Journal of Islamic Studies

Author(s):

1.Dr Aqsa 2. Dr. Abdul Basit Khan

Abstract:

Eating halal and avoiding haram is a command imposed by Allah Almighty, which is obligatory on every Muslim human being. The history of halal standards was laid down fourteen hundred years ago through the Quran and Sunnah. There are more or less seven verses in which the standards of halal and haram are explained. The importance and explanations of these principles are explained in Hadith. The understanding of the Qur'an and the Sunnah and its disciplined form is called Islamic jurisprudence which is known as halal certification or accreditation on today’s era. Islamic jurisprudence has compiled all its principles long ago in the light of Quran and Sunnah. Halal certification focuses on applying Halal standards, while issues of food safety are the responsibility of Government regulatory bodies. A Halal Certificate is an official document requiring food manufacturers to have observed and implemented Islamic requirements in producing Halal foods in accordance with Islamic law. The objective of this article is too discussed about the terminologies of halal standards in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Through this purpose we selected different countries i.e Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, UAE and Philippine. By using the descriptive and comparative method of research, efforts will be made to throw light on the importance of Halal Certification in different countries.

Keyword(s):

Halal Standards, Analysis, Terminologies, Comparison, International Standards

Author(s):

1. Zunaira Imran 2. Dr. Khawaja Hisham Ul Hassan 3. Dr. Muhammad Bedar Bakht

Abstract:

Doctoral students often experience stress and anxiety during their entire degree. The purpose of this study was to access the factors and different strategies for coping with stress and anxiety among students during the dissertation writing process. The study was conducted by a qualitative method, through purposive sampling, 10 Ph.D. students were selected. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants. The obtained data was categorized in themes. Physical Activity, Practicing religion and Seeking Social Support were recognized as Coping Mechanisms. There are various factors that trigger stress among doctoral students. Students use different methods for coping with stress and anxiety. The study identified physical activities such as exercise, walking, swimming, etc. as the strategies helpful in reducing the intensity of stress. Staying active helps to forget daily problems. The study has also demonstrated that Offering Namaz, recitation of the Holy Quran, and Zikar helps to reduce stress and anxiety during the dissertation process. Religious beliefs and practices act as the most effective coping strategy.

Keyword(s):

ROLE OF RELIGION,STRESS AND ANXIETY, MECHANISMS DURING DISSERTATION PROCESS

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Saad Saleem 2. Aqsa Tasgheer

Abstract:

The Constitution of Pakistan in 1973 as the paramount legal document, provides a structure for the safeguarding and advancement of individual liberties and dignity. The source of motivation for this phenomenon can be traced back to Islamic values. This study aims to examine the interdependent correlation between the Constitution of Pakistan and Islamic teachings, emphasizing their mutual dedication to upholding the protection of human dignity. The Constitution of Pakistan has incorporated fundamental rights that align with the principles of Islamic teachings. These fundamental rights encompass the entitlement to life, the principle of legal equality, the right to hold personal beliefs, and safeguards against torture or degrading treatment. These provisions are indicative of the Islamic doctrine that recognizes intrinsic respect for all individuals. The present study will utilize a qualitative research methodology to investigate the reciprocal connection between specific constitutional provisions and corresponding Islamic teachings about human dignity. This article will encompass a synergistic approach to the analysis and implementation of these values within the framework of both legal and communal environments. Its objective is to provide insight into the mutual dedication to preserving the inherent dignity of individuals, thereby making a valuable contribution to the current debate on human dignity in Pakistan

Keyword(s):

Dignity of man, Constitution, Islam, Rights, Pakistan

Author(s):

1. Mohammed Farid Ali Al Fijawi 2. Adekunle Daoud Balogun

Abstract:

The study examines the concept of Amanah (Trust) as spinalquality of leadership for administering the works of governance. It looks into behavior the leaders could turn out to have if trust is violated. Through analytical and inductive study of the corruption cases in the Malaysian Public Sector 2008-2018 the finding warrant the important roles Amanah (Trust) plays in keeping the integrity of the governance intact for the well-being of the state. The findings show that unchecked power lures to indiscriminate violation of trust. The study therefore proposes strict measures to control abuse and excessive power entrusted to the leaders such as decentralization of authority and strengthening the power of the anti-corruption institution.

Keyword(s):

:Amanah (Trust), Governance, Corruption, Anti-corruption Institution

Author(s):

1. Dr. Muniba Rizvi 2. Dr. Muhammad Farooq Haider

Abstract:

The Science of Readings is one of the sciences drafted to preserve the words and meanings of the Quran. The importance of this science is universally accepted in interpreting the meanings of the Quran. The exegete Imām Ibn Jarīr Ṭabarī (d. 310A.H.), who is also a reciter, wrote an independent book on this science. Along with this, he pointed out variant readings of the Quranic words in his famous exegesis Jāmi’ al-Bayān ‘an Tāwīl ‘Āy al-Qur’ān, commonly known as Tafsīr e Ṭabarī. At various places, he explained different meanings of the readings and also the impact they exhibit on the interpretation of the Quran. Imām Ṭabarī also presented his inferences from Recurrent Readings. (Qirā’āt e Mutawātirah) in Tafsīr e Ṭabarī but did not use the terminology “Mutawātir” anywhere, rather his approach is quite distinctive in this regard. In this article, the evidences of his inferences from Recurrent Readings and his unique approach have been highlighted. Also, an analytical insight into these readings has been presented by consulting the most popular books of Recurrent Readings, pointing out the specific reader towards whom the particular reading is attributed.

Keyword(s):

Ṭabarī, Jāmi’ al-Bayān, Recurrent Readings, Inference, Exegesis

Author(s):

1.Shehla Shams 2. Dr. Shams Ul Hussain Zaheer 3. Lubna Rashid

Abstract:

Ibn-i-abi Hathim carries a great position amongst the former scholars of Quran and Sunnah for his contribution towards the Islamic books he compiled and narrated. Amongst the said wrote down books Tafseer Ibn-i-abi Hathim is known as reference for interpretation of the Holy Quran. This Tafseer itself is comprised of several types of narrations i.e. trustworthy and weak. As there are many causes/reasons for declaring a Hadith to be weak, and one these causes is unanimousness of a narrator of a hadith, so we dragged a short sketch of this kind of narrators in this article with a research way. Furthermore, as it is a case study of a specific area in occupied books, that is why, we’ve acquired descriptive method in this article. First we defined the term of a unanimous narrator, then we wrote the biographies of some specific unanimous narrator and then it was attached with a sample of that vary narrator. This will help the new scholars in sorting out such areas.

Keyword(s):

Tafseer Ibn-i-abi Hathim, Narrators, Unanimous, biographies, samples

Author(s):

1.Dr. Amber Ghani 2. Abdul Raheem

Abstract:

Muslims have faith in the holy prophet s.a.w.w., which motivates them to carry out his commands. The holy prophet s.a.w.w. Is our role model. His actions must be emulated, whether on an individual or societal level. His ability to communicate at all levels is an important aspect of his personality. He communicated with hundreds of people as a husband, father, brother, friend, messenger, and leader, yet his style has a particular and significant trademark to be followed. Using qualitative research methodology, content was extracted from basic islamic sources such as the holy quran and hadith books, as well as biographies of the holy prophet s.a.w.w. It is stated that the holy prophet s.a.w.w. Communicated very softly with strong arguments when necessary. His tone was both firm and content. He knows how to appropriately set his tone and words at each point, such as when preaching or warning. Finally, the holy prophet s.a.w.w communication's style demonstrates the best communication skills. It provides us with a standard against which to judge other people's communication styles while also making muslims aware of the importance of communication skills in everyday life.

Keyword(s):

Communication skills, speech of holy prophet (s.a.w.w), style of speech

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Umair Raouf 2. Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Naeem

Abstract:

The critical analysis of Orientalists' thoughts and approaches about the personality and biography of the Holy Prophet PBUH is being done by Muslim scholars since a long ago, and a number of books and articles in this regard have been written by the scholars of different Muslim countries, including Egypt, Syria, Sudan, Algeria, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian scholars have diligently struggled to defend the personality and the message of the Holy Prophet PBUH, and they have taken a prestigious position in this regard. Like the researchers of other countries, the scholars of Saudi Arabia have adopted some special and distinctive methods for this work in their books, and by using these methods, they fulfilled their responsibility of defending the Holy Prophet PBUH and rejecting the false thoughts of Orientalism. Among the methods adopted by the Saudi Arabian scholars in this regard are arguing with scientific and rational sources, lexical and grammatical analysis of Orientalists’ views, reasoning with the positive thoughts of moderate-minded Orientalists, criticism on Orientalists’ sources, and methods of reasoning while doing research regarding Islam. Another method is declaring the statements of Orientalists clearly falsehood and mentioning that answering these false ideas and thoughts is no more than the total wastage of time and resources.

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia, Sirah writers, criticism, orientalism, false thoughts, Analogical sources, rational sources, Orientalists.

Author(s):

1. Iqra Khalid 2. Dr. Syeda Sadia

Abstract:

Yaseen Mazhar Siddiqui is a prominent Seerah writer of our time. He wrote more than 50 books. He established a high standard of research and criticism in Seerah writing. He wrote about the topics of Seerah from new aspects, which Seerah writers and biographers generally did not pay much attention to. One of the important aspects of his writings is that through critics he not only pointed out the gaps in Ancient authoress’s books, but also filled these gaps as much as possible. Criticism and analysis is a principle that not only guides writings but also takes writers and researches towards innovation and artistic excellence. This article deals with an analytical study of some of his stated criticisms in Seerah.

Keyword(s):

: Seerah, aspects, gaps, analytical  

Author(s):

1. Dr. Ahmad Ali Badat 2. Dr. Hafiz Khalid Mahmood

Abstract:

Islam is the ultimate religion that is based on natural way of life, is complete and has the seal of finality by Almighty Allah Himself. There is no doubt that Islam is the only way of life that will lead to successes not just in this life but in the Hereafter as well. The teachings in Islam are as current and relatable today as they were 1400 years ago and will continue to be so. The changes in human societies are natural phenomenon and have existed throughout the history of mankind. The context, circumstances, needs and outlook of human societies have evolved. It is therefore important that the religious rulings also change. The Shariah rulings are of two types: 1. Variable Shariah rulings and 2. Non-variable Shariah rulings. The latter type includes all the prayers, duties and responsibilities, decrees for punishments as explicitly cited in Shariah. These also include all the rulings that have licit citation and those rulings that have a unanimous approval. The variable Shariah rulings include, a. All those rulings that do not have any licit citations; b. All those rulings that are open for interpretation according to the changing context and circumstances of that era and society; c. All those penalties and sentences that are subject to the discretion of the judge and ruling authority of that time and place, so that the decision is based on societal context and needs. This study will be an in-depth analysis of the variable Sharia rulings that have evolved over time and the various circumstances in the societies that led to those changes.

Keyword(s):

Shariah Rulings ,Place and time, Legal Study

Author(s):

1. Dr. Yasir Farooq 2. Dr. Ikram Ul-Haq 3. Muhammad Farooq Iqbal

Abstract:

In the definition of sciences, meanings, mysteries and rulings of the Holy Qur'an and its exegesis, the Companions of Holy prophet (PBUH) their followers participated. That time, there were three major schools of thought. In Makkah, Sa’īd ibn-e-Jubayr, ‘Ikramah Moula Ibn-e-Abbas and Mujahid ibn-e-Jubayr, in Madinah ‘Urwa Ibn-e-Zubayr, Sulayman ibn-e-Yasar and Kufā Hasan Basri and Qatadah were promoting the knowledge of Quranic exegesis. The primary topic of the present paper is to encompass exegetical methods of tabi’īn and the secondary is to analyze methodology of above mentioned tafasīrs with their reasoning from quotations of tabi’īn. In this paper, the methods of interpretation of the Tabi'īn have been discussed. There are two discussions in the first part; in first discussion, different methods of deriving tafsir of the tabi’īn have been clarified, while in the second discussion, the different methods of deriving tafsir from the Holy Quran of the Tabi’īn with examples, as well as aḥādith, sayings of the companions, examples of the Qur’an and dictionaries and ijtihad etc. has been described. The second part also has two discussions; in the first discussion, the method of deriving the interpretation from the quotations of the tabi'īn in Tafsir al-Qur’an by ‘Abdul Salam ibn-e-Muhammad is the subject of discussion. While in the second discussion, the method of deriving the interpretation from quotations of the tabi'īn in Taysīr Al-Qur'an by ‘Abd al-Rahman Keylānī is the subject of discussion has been made.

Keyword(s):

Quotations of Tabi'īn, Tafsir al-Qur’an, ‘Abdul Salam ibn-e-Muhammad, Taysīr Al-Qur'an, ‘Abd al-Rahman Keylānī.

Author(s):

1. Dr. Sumera Safdar 2. Dr. Kalsoom Pracha 3. Ms. Zainab Zafar

Abstract:

Allah Almighty has divided mankind into different classes. Some are rulers and some are governed. Some are independent and some are slaves. Some are strong and powerful and some are disable and weak. There are many benefits in this division for the welfare of human being. In every era Allah Almighty has sent Prophets with Sharia which constitute the rights for all these classes of mankind. In all Holly Books there are signs of rights and treat good toward the oppressed. But just like other orders in Judaism the rights of the oppressed were also distorted. Due to distortions in earlier books, there are rights regarding widows and orphans, but contradictory teachings are found. And there are inconsistent teachings about widows' inheritance and their marriages. In both Israeli and non-Israeli traditions, there are also violent opinions about prisoners. The contrast between the rights of Israelites and non-Israelites slaves clearly exists. The reformation of the rights of the oppressed and the completion of the comprehensive concept are prominently evident in the teachings of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad(ﷺ).

Keyword(s):

: Rights, Oppressed, Welfare, Orphans, Prisoners.

Author(s):

1.Ayesha Rehman 2. Dr. Noreen Butt

Abstract:

This abstract presents a comprehensive analysis of legislative measures implemented in Pakistan to safeguard women's rights. It explores the historical context, challenges, and progress made in addressing gender inequality through legislative reforms. The study discusses key initiatives taken by the Pakistani government to protect women from discrimination, violence, and exploitation. The analysis begins by highlighting the constitutional framework in Pakistan, which guarantees fundamental rights and equality for all citizens, including women. It emphasizes the significance of constitutional amendments, such as the 18th Amendment, which enhanced women's participation in politics and decision-making processes. The study examines specific legislation enacted to protect women's rights, including the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2022, which criminalizes domestic violence and provides support services for survivors. Furthermore, the study addresses implementation challenges and the importance of awareness-raising, legal literacy, and improved access to justice for women. It acknowledges the role of civil society organizations, human rights activists, and women's rights advocates in promoting legislative reforms and monitoring their implementation. In conclusion, this comprehensive study provides an overview of legislative measures implemented in Pakistan to safeguard women's rights. It highlights the progress made, challenges encountered, and the ongoing need to strengthen legal frameworks and their effective implementation.

Keyword(s):

analysis, legislative, domestic violence, measures.

Author(s):

1. Muhammad Abu Bakar 2. Dr. Masood Ahmad Mujahid 3. Hafiz Ghulam Yaseen Faizi

Abstract:

What distinguishes man from other creatures is his ability to change himself from an environment. To place oneself in a clean and healthy place, on which a person lives, there is so much filth and filth on it that the common human life is tormented by its impurity. Not the use, but the system, changed the direction of change. The air we breathe has been poisoned by industrial development with wastes from factories and chemical laboratories, and with emissions from millions of small and medium-sized vehicles. Respiratory, lung, liver, heart and skin are suffering from many diseases. Even the water that man drinks himself and feeds his cattle and irrigates the fields also contains chemicals and toxic wastes. Pollution has increased to such an extent that toxic effects are being transferred to the human body and soul through water organisms. He extraordinary increase of these elements calls for the imperative of environmental protection.

Keyword(s):

Environment, Filth, Protection, Pollution, Seasonal change

Author(s):

1. Gulshan Nisar 2. Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Shabbir Ahmad

Abstract:

: The Holy Quran is the permanent and universal source of guidance for human beings. Due to differences in human nature, there are different methods which have been adopted for guidance. One of them is Inzar; it is used when no sermon or advice is effective. The literal meaning of Inzar is formed by the word “NAZR” and its meaning is fear. This tells us the importance of Inzar . This is the word that is used in Quran and Hadith for following orders. It is the most effective way of conversation, as far as the necessity of word “Inzar” is explained. Because human nature demands it, that’s why this method is described by Allah and His Prophet Muhammad SAW. Not only that but it is the highly effective way of conversation. And there is a lot of wisdom behind it. After discussing the importance and wisdom of the verses of Inzar, there are also described the methods and conditions as how to scare and warn that is mentioned in Quran for the guidance of human being because of having different nature. And this is the most important way for humans to follow the orders of do’s and don’ts.

Keyword(s):

Islam; Inzar; Methods; Wisdom; Importance; Holy Quran; Human Nature

Author(s):

1. Ali Siddiqui 2. Abdul Ghaffar Madani

Abstract:

The Sindh has produced some prominent scholars in every field of knowledge and their expertise in various disciplines of Islamic knowledge is unparalleled. They have made a great contribution in Islamic domains of Quran, Hadith, Fiqh and other domains of Islamic literature. In province of Sindh, numerous sufis came forward and preached the teachings of Islam. Amongst them, the sages of Suharwardiyaa discipline came to Sindh, guided the general population and wrote number of books as a source of guide for them. The contribution of these scholars and Sufis in various fields are evident from their books in different languages. They are available in ‘Arabic, Persian, and Sindhi languages. The services of Scholars and Sufi saints brought effective changes in society. So, in this article the research and publication made by one of the Sindhi Scholars of Sindh, Makhdoom Saleemullah Siddiqui has been presented in the scholarly manner. It shall not only familiarize the readers but also be a back for the further research. He analyzed and discovered number of different manuscripts of the prominent scholars of Sindh. He also compiled the index book on the prolific authors of Sindh. He even compiled the index book on scholars of Sindh, who worked on different manuscripts. It is present in two volumes. The book consists of more than 16000 names of scholars of Sindh along with their books and magazines. The name of this renowned compliled book is Khazeenatul Makhtotaat. Along with this valuable contribution, Makhzan ul Makhtotaat has got another academic praise. It is present in two volumes. It consists of detailed information on introduction of manuscripts of Sindhi scholars. This brief but wide-ranged study attempts to understand Makhdoom Saleemullah Siddiqui`s immense literary work on ancient scholars of Sindh.

Keyword(s):

Religious Scholars, Islamic, Seminaries, Siddiqui, Sindh

Author(s):

1. Dr. Zill E Huma 2. Dr. Shaista Jabeen

Abstract:

Hadith has been accepted as an important, second and sacred source of Islamic Law. This status of the Hadith has remained unchallenged throughout the centuries. There have been many differences among Muslims in their juristic opinions but the authority of Hadith was never denied by any jurist. Hadith is integral to the Quran, since they are inseparably linked to each other. It is impossible to understand the Quran without reference to Hadith. The Quran is the message and the Hadith is the explanation of the message by messenger himself. If we reject the Hadith, we may misread the Quran. There are many ulooms of Hadith. Imam Neshapori has discussed fifty two ulooms in his book "Maarifat Uloom ul Hadith" and the number of ulooms described by Ibn Us Salah, Imam Novvi and Ibn e Mulaqan is sixty five in their books Muqadama Ibn us Salah", "Al Taqreeb fan e usool ul hadith" and "Al Muqnio fi Uloom il Hadith" respectively. Similarly Allama Siyuti has mentioned ninety three ulooms in his book "Tadreeb ul Ravi". Different books have written on Uloom-e-Hadith in different languages like Arabic, Urdu and English etc. There are many books written on said topic in Urdu and the books written in other languages have translated in Urdu too. The present article deals with analytical study of some famous books written on Uloom-e-Hadith in Urdu and translation from Arabic language nominated Urdu books.

Keyword(s):

Hadith, Uloom, Urdu, Famous, Books

Author(s):

Dr. Umme Salma

Abstract:

One of the most important role played by social media is to established new social communication by information technology between friends, family and society. Technology has blessed us with a lot of convenience but it has also made us become more and more dependent on it for fulfilling most of our needs .social media has made possible face to face communication, but peoples fail to satisfy the needs of security and privacy .our youth is becoming lazy day by day ,enclosing themselves to their rooms and locking their gaze on their monitor screen, There are always two sides of everything, Good and evil are two parallel and always closely residing, with proper guidance and awareness, we can harness our control over thing, Social media can be categorized as an easy communication tool to share content efficiently and instantly to wide range of people. The usage of social media has become a daily routine with different communication purposes.in which the WhatsApp face book and twitters’ etc, the preferred platform. Islam Appreciate and encourage knowledge and research .The objectives of this paper is to promote Islamic awareness in social media using the Islamic point of view of communication and moral ethics of using it in society and families. Investigate how social media impacts the society and family life, this research emphasize the pros and cons of using the social media based on the Islamic perspective, focusing on the social media challenges, benifiets and moral ethics of using it, also how it is used.

Keyword(s):

family. social media: communication: awareness: information. Society

Author(s):

1. Dr. Mehr Din 2. Dr. Tariq Mahmood

Abstract:

Human life is dependent on blood. Due to some diseases, the human body becomes unable to produce the new blood cells, or the generated cells are damaged. In these situations, the blood transfusion is required. In operations and surgery cases, blood is also necessary for patients. In accidents, the injured persons come across the blood deficiency. In such cases, blood is donated and transfused on humanitarian grounds. Blood transfusion can save a patient's life and limit the complications of severe blood loss. But in these days Blood transfusion is one of the serious issues of the modern world that are worth explaining in order to make the common people aware of the legal positions with respect of Islamic teachings. In this article it has been tried to explore the legal status of blood transfusion in the light of principle of Islamic Shariah "Maslaha".

Keyword(s):

Blood transfusion, Expediency, legal status

Author(s):

1.Dr. Muhammad Sarfraz Khan 2. Dr. Noor ul Ain Khan 3.Dr. Hafiz Ihsan ur Rehman 4. Dr. Usman Sarwar

Abstract:

Cancer has long been feared as a disease of death and misery, whereby in developing countries like Pakistan, there used to be no credible facilities to treat the disease. Shaukat Khanam Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKCH&RC) was the first charity-based organization in the country, which provided treatment of cancer in Pakistan. The organization purely relies on the donations of individuals to operate and provides state of art facilities for cancer treatment. Donations largely are attracted by massive advertisement campaigns. Further, Islam as a religion also promotes charity and donations. This study in this context investigates, how SKCH&RC better provoke willingness to donate of its donors in the country and whether there are any implications of religiosity or not. Using a sample of 297 respondents, the study provided that attitude towards ad and perceived social responsibility of ad have potential to provoke willingness of donors to donate. Further, Islamic religiosity also had a direct impact on the willingness to donate. Thus, marketing strategy of SKCH&RC should focus more humanitarian and religious side of the advertisements to provoke willingness of the donors to donate in Pakistan.

Keyword(s):

Islamic Religiosity, Non-Profit Advertisement, Intention to Donate.

Author(s):

Muhammad Irshad

Abstract:

In the Holy Quran the imperatives have not only been stated as mere imperatives but also in the manner of predicates. To impart the shariah and emphatic orders the following styles have been adopted: Some commands have been stated as predicate using the words of kutiba or kitaban. The commands of revenge, will of the dead, battle, fast, and prayer (Salah) can be listed here as an example. The certain obligatory commands have been introduced using the word, farz (obligation) and its several derivatives. Its examples include the dissolution of contracts, the time limit of zakat, the commands of Holy Quran and the consequent obligations upon the believers. The certain commands such as the laws of inheritance, rights of widows, and the rights of parents have been mentioned explicitly. Some commands have been emphasized by the word qaza which means it was made obligatory. Certain commands are preceded by the emphatic preposition ala (which means On) or haqan ala . For instance, the commands of haj (pilgrimage), lactation, the payment for the expenses of newly born babies, and the gifts for the divorced ladies. Certain commands are presented as conditional sentenced where expiation or compensation is implied imperative of the broken oaths, unintentional murder, etc.

Keyword(s):

imperatives, commands, obligations, manners, predicates, emphatic prepositions

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Irfan 2. Moqadus Habiba

Abstract:

It is a definite principle that every civilization benefited from previous and leaves assests for later. Islamic civilization Acquired sciences and arts from Greek and Roman civilizations, purified it and leaved for western civilization. Islamic civilization gave credit to what it benefited from the Greek and Roman, but Western civilization refused and showed inferiority complex. Today its language, institutions and traditions opened its pool. Even today, thousands of words of Arabic language found in the representative languages of the Western civilization. The traditions and institations prevalent today in the western society are also influenced by Islamic civilization. In this article, we have traced the words, traditions and institutions having Arabic origin. It was not a bad thing to borrow these words, institutions and traditions but the bad is behavior of western civilization who do not give credit to Islamic civilization. And the behavior of those Muslims, who put every new invention and development of science and technology in the account of West and become victims of inferiority complex. They should know that the stones on which the West has laid the foundation of their current development were installed in the era of Islamic civilization.

Keyword(s):

cultural study, Arabic words, traditions, intuitions, Islamic civilization, western civilization

Author(s):

Robina Rashid

Abstract:

The concept of crime is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon that holds significant implications for society, law enforcement, and the justice system. This abstract provides an overview of the meanings, definitions, causes, and motivations behind crime, shedding light on its general concept and the intricate web of factors that drive individuals to engage in unlawful activities. The meanings and definitions of crime are influenced by cultural, historical, and legal perspectives. Crime is generally understood as the violation of societal norms and laws, resulting in harm or potential harm to individuals, communities, or the broader social order. Legal definitions often vary across jurisdictions, reflecting different social values and evolving norms. Examining the causes of crime involves delving into a range of factors that contribute to criminal behaviour. Social factors, such as poverty, inequality, lack of access to education, and limited economic opportunities, can create environments conducive to criminal activities. Psychological factors, including personality traits, mental health issues, and social learning, also play a crucial role in shaping criminal behaviours. Additionally, the influence of peer pressure, family dynamics, and cultural backgrounds further intertwine to impact an individual's likelihood of engaging in criminal acts. Motivations behind criminal behaviour are intricate and multifaceted. Economic motivations, such as financial gain through theft or fraud, are prevalent. However, crimes can also stem from emotional motivations, such as revenge, anger, or jealousy. Psychological motivations like thrill-seeking and a desire for power can drive individuals to commit unlawful acts. Social motivations, such as seeking belonging within criminal groups or succumbing to peer pressure, are also significant contributors.

Keyword(s):

Complex Phenomenon, Law Enforcement, Influenced, Violation, Jurisdictions, Inequality, Poverty.

Author(s):

1.Dr. Asma Aziz 2. Ms. Anam Sattar 3. Dr. Muhammad Imran Malik

Abstract:

Sirah writing is a very blessed work for Muslim authors,autobiographers and poets. There is great literature of Sirah available in urdulanguage in form of biography of Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ and poetry abouthim. Muslim authors, Sirah biographers and poets desire to write the Sirah ofHazrat Muhammad ﷺ and devotional poetry in a very different and beautifulstyle with unbounded love and respect because only those can extol the Sirahof Prophet (PBUH) whose hearts are pure and pious. In the art of Sirah Writingand Naatgoai (نعت گوئی), Gair Manqoot Manzoom (غیر منقوط منظوم)/ Sant eAatilah (صنعتِ عاطلہ) Sirah writing a very unique literature is available. Thisresearch deals with the review of these literarture i.e Madh e Rasool by RagibMurad Abadi and Daaia Islam by Sadiq Ali Bastawi to foreground the adorablecharacteristics of our Prophet (PBUH) to deepen his love in the hearts of thecontemporaries and the generations to come. The Sirah of Hazrat Muhammadﷺ during his stay at Makkah and Madinah both are covered in theabovementioned works highlighting the different phases of dominance of Islamthrough the charismatic and forgiving traits of Prophet (PBUH). This researchhelps to highlight that this work is a valuable contribution and quality literaute inits respective field.

Keyword(s):

Books of Sirah, Urdu literarture, Gair Manqoot Manzoom,dominance of Islam

Author(s):

Saad Malook

Abstract:

This article explicates the nature of social ontology. There are three social holist theses relevant to the problem: First, the individual and society are not independent of each other. Second, the development of the individual’s human potential depends upon the nature of society. Third, a good society cultivates rather than undermines human potential. To explore the problem, this paper juxtaposes Muhammad Iqbal and Philip Pettit, two social holist philosophers, who belong to the Islamic and Western traditions, respectively. Drawing on the Islamic tradition, Iqbal argues that the individual cannot develop human potential, such as creativity, without a society. Iqbal’s social ontology, based on his theory of egohood, asserts that the individual ego (the individual) develops in relationship to the holistic ego (society). Iqbal repudiates a totalitarian society while supporting an Islamic society based on the principles of freedom, equality, and fraternity. In the Western tradition, Pettit posits an idea of holistic individualism by drawing on four contrasting social theories: atomism, holism, collectivism, and individualism. Pettit envisions a society that is neither totalitarian nor anarchic, but it is a creation of autonomous individuals. Hence, Iqbal’s and Pettit’s social ontological positions are significant to understanding the nature of society and their malign and benign roles in the social world.

Keyword(s):

egohood, social ontology, social holism, Western philosophy, Muslim philosophy.

Author(s):

Dr Nomana Khalid

Abstract:

Consideration the Holy Qur’an as it is and communicating its messages in the accurate spirit of Revelation have always been recognized by the Muslims unanimously ever since the time of the Companions of the Last Prophet Muhammad(s.a.w.). The Holy Quran is in Arabic language. So, there are many things which are necessay for an exgesist. For example, the knowledge and understanding of basic grammatical rules of Arabic language, their consideration, implementation and method of extraction from the verses of the Holy Quran is very much important. These rules are called ‘ Al-Qawa’id al-Lughawiyyah al-Usuliyyah’. The experts has divided ‘Al-Qawa’id al-Lughawiyyah al-Usuliyyah’ into four major groups. Each group has its own rules and rugulations, impact and significance in understanding the verses of holy book Al Quran. Lexical rule ‘Aam’ is included in first group of ‘Al-Qawa’id alLughawiyyah al-Usuliyyah’. In this article, the role of Al-Qawa’id alLughawiyyah al-Usuliyyah (in the context of Aa’m) will be discussed. Deviated examples from the literature of Ghulam Ahmed Pervaiz will be quoted.

Keyword(s):

Ghulam Ahmed Pervaiz, Deviated examples, Al-Qawa’id al-Lughawiyyah al-Usuliyyah.

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Sohail Rafique 2. Prof. Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Gondal

Abstract:

:The following article covers aspects of 16th /17th and 18th century Mughal dynastypolitics. In both ages, Muslim rulers were on different stages. Akbar and Jahangir‟s time, Mughal politics were on full peak. But Akbar‟s “Deen e Elahi” and Jahangir‟s attention to “Rawafid” made situation very critical for Sunni members of Mughal court. Mujaddid made effort for the revival of real, pure Islam fromnon-Islamic (Hindu) elements as well as Rawafid (Shi’a) influence on court. While on the other side, Shah Waliullah influenced maximum members of falling Mughal empire court. He called Ahmed Shah Abdali to make alliance with Najeeb ul Dawla to make final attempt for Maratha, Jaat and Sikh oppression and tyranny. Both have many common political concernsi.e., stability of state, religious reforms, immediate defense etc. and different political perspective according to time and its necessities.

Keyword(s):

Politics, Dominancy, Submissiveness, Restoration approach, Mujaddid Alf e Thani and Shah Waliullah..