Epistemology: Journal of Islamic Studies

Author(s):

Syed Muhammad Hassan Bukhari, Dr. Muhammad Junaid Sharif

Abstract:

Islamic banking with the passage of time is acquiring impetus. Many local and international banks have started to open separate Islamic banking branches and windows to cater the needs of customers who are interested in shari’ah approved products. Islamic banking system is facing a good competition from developed conventional banking system in products and services. With the passage to time the awareness of Islamic banking and its products is improving substantially. The purpose of the study is to understand the practical procedure of currency salam transaction in Islamic banks. Methodology of this paper is quantitative research. For this 60 questionnaires were distributed among bankers dealing in currency exchange transactions in Islamic Banks, out of which 52 respondents were received and used. The content and descriptive analysis techniques were employed to analyze the data. The SPSS software is used to anlayse the data collected by questionnaire. The study supports the literature and according to data almost 71% respondents of Islamic banks believe that salam transaction is practically implemented in selected Islamic banks.

Keyword(s):

Currency, Bai, Salam, Contract, Sarf

Author(s):

Muniza Javed, Dr Ahmad Usman

Abstract:

Terrorism is the major social problem and a burning issue all over the world and Pakistan is a victim of terrorist activities from many years up till now as well as also considered as the home ground or the saving place for terrorists. Frequent terrorist activities had done on various places in Pakistan from last few years including religious places, public places and educational institutions. Last year after the massive attack on APS School which took the lives of so many innocent children, all the educational institutions got shut for almost more than a month due to terrorism threats. The present study is conducted to investigate the perceptions and experiences of students about the threats of terrorist activities on educational institutions. The present study used qualitative research methods to explore the views, perceptions and experiences of students from Punjab University Lahore about the effect of terrorist’s attacks and threats on their life and studies. Interpretive approach has been used for getting a deeper and richer insight into the issue. Furthermore, an inductive approach was used to develop a substantive theory through the analysis of collected data. Findings revealed that Punjab University have least security measurements for students as it is not a priority of government and University management to provide security to students. Terrorist activities have affected the whole pattern of education in university and cause academic delay, semester squeeze and stressful exams. It also affects the mental health of students. Other than that, students also revealed the internal weakness and problems of Punjab University is becoming a support to terrorist activities and production. The findings also reveal that educational institution of society is under severe threats from terrorists, external forces as well as from bad governance of Pakistan. Terrorism is not an external problem instead of that it is an internal problem.

Keyword(s):

Educational Institutions, Security, Terrorism, Terrorist activities

Author(s):

Mubasher Abbas

Abstract:

Development, from a state’s point of view, is a long steady journey having no certain visible destination. It is an ever-growing concept, meaning, a process of positive change, involving, several other interdependent processes which, if made mutually supportive, can enrich the fate of the state, or hinder it from progress, otherwise. Scarcity of natural resources has always brought nations and states, face to face, to a never-ending competition, in which, they struggle for their survival and race for their existence. In this respect, the concept of development has no longer remained a goal, but a mean to achieve the status of a welfare state. To maintain their position, countries, must follow a steady path of development, by utilizing all their available resources. In these resources, the human resource, above all, is of utmost importance. It is therefore, quite necessary to be utilized on a higher efficiency and at full capacity, by making investments, in the form of human capital. This goal is at the heart of human development approach. Unlike traditional economics that followed the evolutionary course of economic development, human development field tries to explain an analytical understanding of the concept of human welfare, as a pathway to economic success instead of just being an outcome of economic growth. To grasp contemporary abstract connotation of Freedoms and Unfreedoms, the present paper takes a brief overview of their historic evolution. It will not only help to understand their already existing discourse but also enable to carve out further conceptual developments in relation to modern standards of futuristic debate.

Keyword(s):

freedom, unfreedom, development

Author(s):

Umme Salma

Abstract:

Networking in online social communities is still a relatively young online trend, whether or not social media is harmful is still unknown. Like any other type of networking or social club with which individuals become involved, it is a good idea to do your homework and make sure that you know what you are getting into. Understand the terms of use, the rules and regulations, and be clear on issues like security and privacy. Take responsibility for your own safety and integrity an never join something just because it is trendy or all your friends are doing it. In evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of social networking, it's best to err on the side of caution and information. After all, the lack of both can have a devastating effect Use of social networks can expose individuals to annoyance or incorrect contact from others. Unless parents are-industrious to filter the Internet content to which their families are exposed, children could be exposed to or other inappropriate content.

Keyword(s):

Networking: Interacting, social: community, organization: society

Author(s):

Seher Malik,Madiha Aslam

Abstract:

The research was conducted to study the effect of western culture on Pakistani Society. The main objective of research was to test which factor contribute more. The Universe of the study was consisted of students from University of Punjab, Lahore. A sample of 275 students was drawn. The technique of convenience Sampling was used for this purpose. Questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection and face to face method was used as survey method. For testing the hypothesis, the qualitative data was quantified by giving codes to the response of the respondents. The method of factor analysis was applied to extract the most effective factors and method of Discriminant analysis was applied to explain the variation in the dependent variable by some independent variables. The method was used by taking 5% level of significance using SPSS Package. From Discriminant analysis it was concluded that the independent variable (Impact of western culture) contribute more in favor of dependent variable (people wear western and Indian dresses) than other independent variable (behavior of people towards tradition). It was concluded from study that western culture has negative impact on Pakistani youth as they prefer to follow western culture.

Keyword(s):

Western Culture, Civilization, Factor Analysis, Discriminant Analysis

Author(s):

Hina Malik

Abstract:

Western media is creating the notion of Islamophobia among world at large. Islam and Muslims are related with radicalism and violence. In view of Ban on veil in France 2004 , the pictorial representation of French Muslim veiled women by western press which considered to be objective , free and independent is studied .The present Qualitative study applied semiotic analysis on seven pictures of French Muslim veiled women in The Economist and eleven pictures in The US Time from year 2004-2010. The results revealed that The American press is presenting French Muslim veiled women in more neutral way as compared to the British press as far as pictorial representation is considered. The study conclude that British media is framing the French Veiled women as oppressed, conservative ,extremist and creating the notion of Islamophobia among the minds of the readers.

Keyword(s):

Islamophobia, Extremist, Conservative, Framing and Oppressed.

Author(s):

Dr.Shehzadi Pakeeza

Abstract:

Marriage is an essential institution of society. The terms ‘interfaith marriage’ stand for marital union between followers of different religions or faith. The purpose of this research is to address the issue related to the practicability of interfaith marriage in Islam and its impact on society. Different methodologies in the form of arguments are given in support of and against interfaith marriages while opinions of eminent jurists are consulted based on rulings of Shariah. The concerns on the issue of interfaith marriages are answered by supporting evidences from Quran, Sunnah and practice of Companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). While the cross arguments are based on secondary sources of Islamic Law, Islamic Legal maxims (Qawaid al fiqhia) and objectives of Shariah. The effects of such marriages on society and the marital relations is also an important part of this research and it is suggested that new paradigms for how to reconcile different faiths should be formulated in order to prevent such problems in future.

Keyword(s):

Interfaith, Marriages, Islamic Law.

Author(s):

M.Abdullah

Abstract:

Fath al-Bari Sharh al-Sahih al-Bukhari is multi-volume commentary on hadith book “al-Jamy al-Sahih” written by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. This is considered his magnum opus. It was completed by the author in twenty-five years. Umdah al-Qari Sharh al-Sahih al-Bukhari is also voluminous and commendable work of Badr al-Ayni who was one of eminent scholars of Hanafi School. Both scholarly works appeared in same era. Both explanations are remarkable in their method, inference, reasoning and impact upon many books of same field. The article provides comparative information about method of interpretation of narrations, mode of accepting and rejecting, style of analysis and appraisal, way of supporting his own juristic school of both interpreters. The article also gives handsome knowledge about distinctive and salient feature and attributes of both.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Dr.Zill e Huma

Abstract:

The sayings of the Last Prophet were protected and saved from deterioration by observing many protective measures and barriers by scholars of Muslim Ummah. Resultantly, it originated many disciplines of knowledge that are given the name of “The sciences of hadith” and are counted upto ninety-three. One of them is the Science of Biographical Evaluation of Narrators that gives essential and sufficient information about the Era, Morality, Memory, Knowledge, Thoughts and Practices of the persons who narrated the sayings of the Prophet (S.A.W.) This information enables to decide about the authenticity, accuracy and genuineness of a narration. This also assists in determining abrogated and unabrogated traditions. No doubt, this is a unique discipline of knowledge and is considered as distinction of Muslim Ummah. The article provides information about literal meanings, terminological definitions, its historical development, its major themes and discussions and importance and implications.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Dr. Abdul Ghaffar, Malik Kamran

Abstract:

Reason of Nomenclature of the Hujjatul al Wida’a is that it was the last pilgrimage of the Holy Prophet. It is also known as Hujjatul al Islam' as it was the only pilgrim the Prophet performed after emigration. Another name is Hujjatul al Bilagh as the Messenger made the audiences to learn all the problems of Hajj through sayings, actions and characters and informed about the principles of Islam. Among these names Hujjatul al Wida’a became more famous. In books of Ehadees most of the narraters used this name. Hujjatul al Wida’a is an important chapter which is present in Ehadees and history. Mohaditheen in hadith and historians in history mentioned this name according to their approach. So far, numerous Seerat writers tried to combine these sections but this research could not be done upto the mark. Majority of authors not only managed the authented Ehadees but also included unauthented narrations regarding Hujjatul al Wida’a. Not only, in Seerah Books, the timeline of sermons was not maintained but the sermons delivered by Prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم at three days and at different times and places were mentioned at one place. Moreover All the three sermons were named as one. In this way some historical and unauthentic narrations have been have been introduced as Hujjatul al Wida’a. Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم after traveling about eight days entered the Mecca on 2nd Zil-Hijjah of 10 Hijrah. He went to Mina on 8th Zil-Hijjah and stayed there till morning of 9th Zil-Hijjah and delivered His first address in Field of Arafat. Similarly after performing other Manasak-e-Hajj He delivered his speeches on 10th and 11th Zil-Hijjah. Number of companions accompanying him was about one lac forty four thousand. Sermons delivered on these occasions are known by the name of Summary of Islam and Manifesto of Humanity.

Keyword(s):

Hujjatul Wida,Hujjaul Balag,Mohadiheen,Timeline of Sermons

Author(s):

Khalid Mehmood

Abstract:

Abu Amr Uthman ibn Abd al-Raḥman Ṣalaḥ al-Din al-Kurdi al-Shahrazuri (1181 CE/577 AH – 1245/643), commonly known as Ibn al-Ṣalaḥ, was a Kurdish Shafi'i hadith scholar. He was originally from Sharazora region in Sulaymaniyyah province in Iraqi Kurdistan, was raised in Mosul and then resided in Damascus, where he died. Ibn al-Ṣalaḥ died on Monday, September 18, 1245 CE/643 AH, at the age of sixty-six. His funeral prayer was performed at the congregational mosque of Damascus, to a crowd so large it required a second prayer to accommodate. The seminal book in the discipline of principles of hadith namely "Introduction to Science of Hadith" gave eternal status in this field. Muslims did leave no stone unturned to keep the Divine and Prophetic knowledge pristine pure. The truth is that it is the most comprehensive book on the hadith terminology which comprises on elaboration all types of traditions. All scattered issues relating to traditions have been consolidated in this book. The scholars, the writers, the compilers, the authors, the researchers, who came afterward, made this book their focus and wrote commentaries, abridgements, annexations, studies on it. The article gives handsome information about this book.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Hafiz Asim Noor

Abstract:

Molana Zafar Ahmad Usmani (late) is a renowned religious scholar due to his scholarly contributions to different disciplines of knowledge like hadith and fiqh. He was also participated very actively and enthusiastically in Pakistan Movement and extended his best efforts for this blessed cause. One of his prominent works is the book “The mysteries of the birth of the Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him)” This book is unique in many dimensions and provides attention-grabbing information about the birth of the Last Prophet in terms of expressing miraculous events appeared before, during and after his birth. The article is written in analytical mode to highlight the literary merits and demerits of the book. His writing style, method of reasoning , use of verses to beautify his sentences and fluency of language have been discussed and analyzed.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Hafiza Sabiha Munir, Hafiza Iram Munir

Abstract:

Allama Khalid Mahmood is one of the remarkable names of Islamic Personalities. He is one of the senior scholars of Dar ul Uloom Ta'leemud - Din Dabhel. He served as justice of Supreme court of Pakistan (Shariat Appellate Bench).[1] He is also director of the Islamic Academy of Manchester UK.[2] He is the patron of many Islamic organizations and research foundations. He is also known for his remarkable knowledge on fiqh issues and comparative religions such as Christianity,Judaism, Hinduism, and many others. He is an expert in many fields of Islamic knowledge, including Jurisprudence fiqh, hadith, Logic, debate, and many more. He also held a number of positions on the Shariah Boards of prestigious Islamic institutions, and is one of the most influential Islamic scholars outside Pakistan. He is author of many books. One of his important book is “Asar ut Tanzil”.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Dr. Muhammad Sajjad, Dr. Asghar Ali Khan

Abstract:

The moral teachings and precepts of the Divine Prophet and his moral behaviour is the best means of leading a child to his ideal life. It goes without saying that both in personal and in social life the observance of moral principles is required of all. This article is written with the aim of better upbringing of children of the present age. The article best illustrates the affectionate, patient, loving and caring behaviour and attitude of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H.) towards children. Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was very kind and affectionate to children. He (PBUH) loved them and always treated them with immense kindness and gentleness. In the article the topic clearly discuses about the childhood stages, children’s religious, moral and social upbringing in the light of the behaviour and loving attitude that the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) had had. The article is divided into different main heading and each heading has an illustration to elaborate.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Dr. Salman Ahmad Khan

Abstract:

Agriculture is the back bone of the economy of Pakistan. State bank of Pakistan has also circularized some important instructions and actuate Islamic Banks to enter into this field. Islamic Banks can finance in the field of agriculture through ‘Salam’ mode of financing in a good manner but when the real and ideal instrument of financing in Shari’ah is partnership, so, it should be preferred by Islamic Banks. Islamic Banks must recognize that they have to come out of the bulwark of the banks for partnership. It is very convenient for Islamic Banks to do this on the basis of muzara’ah in the agriculture field as it would be very easy for them to examine the crop and get their share in it after harvesting, while such partnership is not so easy in livestock, poultry and fish forms etc. State Bank of Pakistan should also review its policy according to which trading is not allowed for banks. Trading should be allowed for Islamic Banks at least at some specific level. This inappropriate condition is also a great hindrance for Islamic Banks and they cannot do vastly their financing on the basis of partnership. In agriculture there are three modes of financing: ‘leasing’, ‘salama’ and ‘partnership’, the best amongst these is partnership as it fulfills the goals of Shari’ah( مقاصد شریعہ ) in a better way.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Waqas Ali Haider. Dr.M.Saad siddiqui

Abstract:

In Islamic Banks the distribution of profit to its depositors is made on the basis of weightage. The account holder's portion of the pool profit is divided according to the weightage of the product that they have invested their savings in. Weightages are assigned based on three criteria; i.e. tenure, amount and profit payment frequency like one-year deposit is given less weightage than two years deposit. The article elaborates this system and evaluate its validity in perspective of Shariah. The article has been written in analytical mode after getting first hand information from the authorized officials of different banks.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

Farzana Khalid

Abstract:

The dreams are very important in human life in personal, biological, psychological, religious and social dimensions. Dreams remained under discussion and investigation since human being learned to take things logically. All discipline of knowledge are concerned with the phenomena of dreams and dreams are studied in their relevant field according certain principles and methods. Modern Medical Science also deals with dreams and declare them as an activity of human mind. The mental activity shaping into dreams always has some certain background biological and psychological reasons. The name of scientific study of dreams is oneirology. The article gives information about view point of modern medical science about reality of dreams, types, significance, impact and their biological causes.

Keyword(s):

Author(s):

1. Dr Muhammad Riaz Mehmood 2. Riasat Ali 3. Dr Ihsan ur Rehman Ghouri

Abstract:

One of the major causes of the civilizational, political and economic development of the Ottoman Caliphate was the evolution of knowledge. The Ottoman Caliphs established excellent scientific and intellectual institutions. They utilized ancient and modern resources in the compilation of different fields of knowledge. Much attention was paid to the establishment and consolidation of libraries. Extensive translations of books in various languages were arranged, and the printing press industry was strengthened to make book printing easier and more attractive. The formation of scholarly opinions provided a free environment for different classes of thought. The constitution was wisely compiled and the patronage of scholars at the official level was such that the nations of the world were unable to set a precedent. Instead of acknowledging these glorious facts about the Muslim history in view of some of their cultural prejudices, a certain section of the orientalists seeks to portray the Ottoman era as vile and negative. In order to overcome the challenges of this class, it is very important to introduce the world of knowledge of the Ottoman Caliphate in the light of reliable historical sources. This research article is designed to meet these ideological and cultural needs of academic circles.

Keyword(s):

Books, Knowledge, Muslim History, Orientalists, Ottoman Caliphate, Printing Press, Translation

Author(s):

1.Muhammad Amin 2.Dr. Muhammad Akram Virk

Abstract:

Now a days it is a common trend in the world that wages are measured on the basis of time. Wages are rated at per hour. These rates are different in countries as in accordance with their economic conditions and circumstances. In universities and colleges remunerations are also being paid per hour as per lecture. The concept of wages calculating on time doesn’t apparently contradict the Islamic provisions. That’s why, Ulama Islam ignore the checking of legal status of such concepts under the Islamic principles. However the concept of calculating wages on the basis of time dose have moral and economic ill effects on human labour. Employees in the public sector just kill the time and don’t work.They don’t utilize their working time in allotted Jobs. This behavior of the employees is due to the guaranteed wages fixing on the time basis, which certainly makes their livelihood Islamicly Unlawful (Haram). While in private sector particularly in industrial units the employers do injustice with employees. They suck each point of blood from employee’s veins and pay very low wages to them which doesn’t make up their daily bread. However, on both sides, on part of employer and employee, there is an economic injustice in case of fixing the wages on the basis of time. This article views this matter completely in the light of Quran and Sunnah.

Keyword(s):

Islamic Fiqh, The Holy Quran, The Sunnah, Labour, Wages, Wages calculated on the basis of time

Author(s):

1.Amjad Hussain 2.Yasir Munir 3.Aas Muhammad

Abstract:

The present paper has tried to introduce the working order of State organs and scope of their function in an Islamic State in the light of primary sources of Islamic Law. It seemed most relevant to depict the operative nature of Islamic system of State governance. The instant research, therefore, has discussed a few basic questions with respect to the Islamic Political System. For example, to whom the authority belongs in an Islamic State? Which organ in an Islamic State is supreme? Whether it is Parliament (Shura), Executive or Judiciary? The doctrinal method of research has been used in order to achieve the said objectives. The primary data is the Quranic verses regarding the sovereign authority and related matters. The Quranic(Arabic) text and English translation is taken from the software known as Quran in Microsoft Word (version 2.2.0.0) developed by Mohamad Taufiq in 2013

Keyword(s):

Islamic Political System; Organs of State; Distribution of Powers; Sovereignty of Parliament; Sovereignty of Parliament in Islam.